What does the word blood mean?
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Sanguis, cruor; the red fluid circulating in the arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries oxygen and reconstructive material to the tissues and removes from them carbon dioxide and other waste products. The arterial blood is that which has been depurated in the lungs, is of a bright red color, and is found in the pulmonary veins, left side of the heart, and the arteries; the venous blood is that charged with waste material, it is of a dark red color, and circulates in the veins, right side of the heart, and pulmonary artery. The blood is a fluid, plasma, in which are numerous cells, the erythrocyes and leucocytes, the platelets, and the hemoconia.
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Fluid coursing through veins, arteries, etc.
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An animal fluid formed chiefly from the chyle; acquiring important properties during respiration; entering every organ through the circulation; distributing the nutritive principles to every texture, and the source of every secretion. The blood is white in the molluscous and inferior animals, which have been, hence, called white-blooded, to distinguish them from the red-blooded, which class includes the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal colouring substance, a little fatty matter-haematelae'um-and different salts; as chlorides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime, subcarbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and lactate of soda, united with an animal matter. Arterial blood is of a florid red colour, strong smell; s. g. 1. 049. Venous blood is of a brownish red; s. g. 1. 051. The difference in colour has given occasion to the first being called red blood; the latter, black. The former, which is distributed from the heart, is nearly the same through its whole extent: the latter is the remains of the arterial blood after the different elements have been taken from it in nutrition, and probably differs in composition. It likewise contains different substances absorbed. Venous blood, taken from a vessel and left to itself, becomes solid, and separates into two distinct parts, -the serum or watery supernatant fluid; and the cruor, coag'ulum, crassamen'tum, hepar seu placen'ta san'guinis, placen'ta cruo'ris, in'sula, thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly water, holding albumen in solution and the salts of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, colouring matter-haematosin, a little serum, and a small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the blood to be composed-in 1000 parts-of water, 785. 590; albumen, 69. 415; fibrin, 3. 565; colouring matter, 119. 626; crystallizable fatty matter, 4. 300; oily matter, 2. 270; extractive matter soluble in alcohol and water, 1. 920; albumen combined with soda, 2. 010; chlorides of sodium and potassium; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and subcarbonates, 7. 304; subcarbonate of lime and magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide of iron, 1. 414; loss, 2. 586. The four principal components of the blood are fibrin, albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circulating blood they are thus combined. The following table exhibits the computations of different physiologists regarding the weight of the circulating fluid-arterial and venous. The proportion of arterial blood to venous is about 4 to 9. Much attention has been paid to the varying condition of the blood in disease. The average proportion of each of the organic elements in 1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, according to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarret: -fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of the serum, 80; water, 790. Dried human blood was, at one time, considered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, Sanguis hirci sicca'tus, sudorific and antipleuretic. The dried blood of the ox-Extrac'tum San'guinis Bovi'ni-and the dried red corpuscles have been given as analeptics, especially where there was a deficiency of red corpuscles.
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