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What does the word spirit mean?

• 1. An alcoholic liquor stronger than wine, obtained by distillation. 2. An alcoholic solution of a volatile or gaseous substance; see spiritus.

• An alcoholic fluid.

• A name given to every liquid product of distillation. Spirits were formerly distinguished into-inflammable, acid, and alkaline; and consequently a number of substances were crowded together, which often resembled each other in no other property than in being volatile. The term is now confined to alcoholic liquors, of which the following are the chief: Arrack. Distilled from coarse palm sugar, named jaggery, fermented with the bark of the Mimosa leucophlea; also from rice and the fermented juice of the Palm; made in India. Its varieties are:- 1. Mahwah Arrack. Made in India from the flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea. 2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Philippine Islands. 3. Araka. Distilled, by the Tartars, from koumis, fermented mares’ milk. 4. Araki. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians. 5. Arika. A variety of koumis, distilled from fer-mented mares’ milk, in Tartary and Iceland. Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per-simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South America, wherever wine is made. The best brandy is that of Cognac.; the next, that of Bordeaux and Rochelle. The varieties are- 1. Aguardiente, ( S.) In Peru, the common brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente de Pisco, so called, because shipped at the port of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and of excellent flavour, is made from Muscatel grapes, and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It is sometimes seen in the United States. 2. Lau. Made from rice, in Siam. 3. Rakia. Made in Dalmatia from the husks of grapes mixed with aromatics. 4. Rossolio. Made at Dantzic, from a compound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants. 5. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye. 6. Sekis-kayavodka. Made from the lees of wine and fruit at Scio. 7. Geneva, Hollands, ( genievre, French for juniper.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, rectified on juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety is-Gin. Made in England, from malted barley, rye, potatoes; rectified with turpentine. Goldwasser. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat, barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon, and other spices. Kirschwasser. Distilled from the Malacheb cherry, in Switzerland. Maraschino. Distilled from the Macarska cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia. Rum, ( supposed to be derived from the terminal syllable of the word saccharum: hut. the abo-riginal Americans call this liquor Rum.) Distilled, in the West Indies and South America, from cane-sugar and molasses, and in_ North America from maple-sugar. Its variety is-Slatkaia trava. Made in Kamtschatka, from a sweet grass. Show-choo. Distilled, in China, from the lees of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice. Whisky, ( supposed to be derived from usque, the first two syllables of usquebagh, the original name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and Ireland, from malted and raw harley, rye, oats, and potatoes; and in the south of France, from sloes. In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, or madness of the head. The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivet, the best Irish, Ennishowen. Y-wer-a. Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands, from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded, and fermented. To these may be added an intoxicating liquor made by the Affghanistans, from ewes’ milk; and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species of mushroom, named muchumer.

• [ Latin] Soul; hence, essence or essential part.

• [ Latin] Hence, as formerly used, any volatile liquid or liquid obtained by distillation. Pyroacetic s., acetone. Pyroligneous s., Wood s., methyl alcohol. S. of turpentine, oil of turpentine.

• [ Latin] Hence, specifically, alcohol; properly, S. ( i. e., essence) of wine( spiritus, G. P., Spiritus vini), also called Rectified s. ( Spiritus rectificatus, B. P.), and, when of a strength of about 50 per cent., Proof s.

• [ Latin] As defined by the pharmacopoeias, a preparation containing alcohol and obtained by distillation; a solution of a volatile substance in alcohol. Cf. Tincture.

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